1. Building Type and Occupancy: The type of building and its intended occupancy play a significant role in fire protection requirements. Buildings that house a large number of people, such as high-rise buildings, hospitals, hotels, or shopping malls, may require fire pumps to ensure adequate water pressure and flow for firefighting purposes.

2. Height and Size: High-rise buildings or structures with multiple stories may need fire pumps to overcome the pressure loss experienced in taller buildings, ensuring that water can reach the upper floors effectively.

3. Fire Protection System Design: Buildings with specific fire protection systems, such as automatic sprinkler systems or standpipe systems, may require a fire pump to maintain the required water flow and pressure throughout the building.
   

4. Water Supply Availability: The availability of a reliable and sufficient water supply is critical. If the municipal water supply does not meet the fire protection requirements or is inadequate, a fire pump may be necessary to boost water pressure.

5. Hydraulic Calculations: Engineers use hydraulic calculations to determine the water demand for fire protection based on the building's size, occupancy, fire hazards, and required firefighting systems. These calculations help determine whether a fire pump is needed.

6. Local Building Codes and Standards: Each region or jurisdiction may have its own building codes and fire safety standards that specify when a fire pump is mandatory. Compliance with these codes is essential in determining the need for a fire pump.

7. Insurance and Liability Requirements: Insurance companies may also require the installation of fire pumps in certain buildings as part of their risk assessment and coverage requirements.

8. Fire Department Recommendations: Local fire departments may offer guidance on fire protection measures for specific buildings, including the need for fire pumps.

It's essential to consult with a qualified fire protection engineer or relevant authorities to conduct a thorough assessment of the building's fire protection needs. They can help determine if a fire pump is necessary based on the specific characteristics and requirements of the building.